Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2015 Jan-Feb;19(1):23-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.08.007. Epub 2014 Oct 11.

Tuberculosis in HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents in Latin America

Margot R Krauss  1 , D Robert Harris  2 , Thalita Abreu  3 , Fabiana G Ferreira  4 , Noris Pavia Ruz  5 , Carol Worrell  6 , Rohan Hazra  6 ; NISDI Pediatric Study Group
Collaborators, Affiliations

Tuberculosis in HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents in Latin America

Margot R Krauss et al. Braz J Infect Dis. 2015 Jan-Feb.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence, clinical presentations and diagnostic methods for tuberculosis in a cohort of HIV-infected infants, children and adolescents from Latin America.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of children with tuberculosis and HIV was performed within a prospective observational cohort study conducted at multiple clinical sites in Latin America.

Results: Of 1114 HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents followed from 2002 to 2011, 69 that could be classified as having confirmed or presumed tuberculosis were included in this case series; 52.2% (95% CI: 39.8-64.4%) had laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis, 15.9% (95% CI: 8.2-26.7%) had clinically confirmed disease and 31.9% (95% CI: 21.2-44.2%) had presumed tuberculosis. Sixty-six were perinatally HIV-infected. Thirty-two (61.5%) children had a history of contact with an adult tuberculosis case; however information on exposure to active tuberculosis was missing for 17 participants. At the time of tuberculosis diagnosis, 39 were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Sixteen of these cases may have represented immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the need for adequate contact tracing of adult tuberculosis cases and screening for HIV or tuberculosis in Latin American children diagnosed with either condition. Preventive strategies in tuberculosis-exposed, HIV-infected children should be optimized.

Keywords: Children; HIV; Latin America; Tuberculosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Different sources of evidence for classification of reported TB cases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Marais B.J., Schaaf H.S. Childhood tuberculosis: an emerging and previously neglected problem. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2010;24:727–749. - PubMed
    1. Verhagen L.M., Warris A., van Soolingen D., et al. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and tuberculosis co-infection in children. Pediatr Infect Dis. 2010;29:e63–e70. - PubMed
    1. Jeena P.M., Pillay P., Pillay T., et al. Impact of HIV-1 co-infection on presentation and hospital-related mortality in children with culture proven pulmonary tuberculosis in Durban, South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002;6:672–678. - PubMed
    1. World Health Organization Country profiles 2011, Brazil. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2011/gtbr11_a2.pdf [accessed 16.12.13].
    1. Feja K., Saiman L. Tuberculosis in children. Clin Chest Med. 2005;26:295–312. - PubMed

Publication types