Recent advances in the optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) continues to grow and affect more than five million people in the USA. One of the leading device therapies in HF is cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) which has been studied for over 20 years. Recent advancements in lead placement, lead technology, patient selection, and CRT optimization by electrical maneuvers and imaging modalities have improved outcomes in morbidity, hospitalization reductions and mortalities in those who have responded CRT therapy. This review article is intended to discuss the mechanisms and benefits of CRT, clinical trials, and guidelines for CRT along with a focus on recent updates from the past 3 to 5 years and glimpse into future directions.