Cervical foraminal steroid injections under CT guidance: retrospective study of in situ contrast aspects in a serial of 248 cases

Abstract

Objectives: To describe all the CT findings after in situ contrast injection just before steroid injection and to recognize the abnormal aspects associated with intravascular contamination.

Material and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 248 cervical transforaminal steroid injections done at the university hospital in Dijon, France, in 2008-2012, to treat cervicobrachial neuralgia inadequately improved by optimal medical treatment for at least 3 weeks. Features describing the opacification patterns were recorded.

Results: Five main nonvascular opacification patterns were identified: clumps of contrast agent outside the foramen (16 %), a crab claw pattern surrounding the ganglion (13 %), a "French" circumflex accent pattern (15 %), reflux along the needle (7 %), and facet joint capsule opacification (22 %). Concerning the situations requiring a change in needle position, intravenous injection occurred in 26 % of the patients, with a crab claw pattern in half the cases and a clump pattern in half the cases. Intraarteriolar injection was noted in two patients.

Conclusion: CT after in situ contrast injection ensures proper needle positioning outside the blood vessels before steroid injection. Penetration of the needle tip into a vein is very common, whereas arteriolar puncture is extremely rare.