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. 2014 Nov 1;210 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S465-74.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu343.

Estimating the likely coverage of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in routine immunization: evidence from demographic and health surveys

Abhijeet Anand  1 , Mark A Pallansch  2 , Concepcion F Estivariz  1 , Howard Gary  1 , Steven G F Wassilak  1
Affiliations

Estimating the likely coverage of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in routine immunization: evidence from demographic and health surveys

Abhijeet Anand et al. J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) has recommended introduction of at least 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) at ≥14 weeks of age through the routine immunization program in countries currently not using IPV.

Methods: We analyzed all available unrestricted data obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys since 2005 in sub-Saharan Africa (31 countries) and in South and Southeast Asia (9 countries) to determine coverage of the following injectable vaccines delivered through the routine immunization schedule: diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine dose 1 (DTP1), DTP2, DTP3, and measles vaccine. Coverage with these vaccines was used as a proxy measure of likely 1- and 2-dose IPV coverage.

Results: Coverage with 1 dose of IPV is expected to be lowest when offered with DTP3 (median coverage, 73%) and highest when offered with DTP1 (median coverage, 90%). The median DTP1-DTP3 drop-out rate was 14%, which equates to an additional 12 million children not receiving IPV if IPV is offered with DTP3, rather than with DTP1. An increased geographical clustering of children who have not received IPV is expected in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia if IPV is offered with DTP3, rather than with DTP1. Coverage with 2 doses of IPV is expected to be lowest if IPV is administered with DTP3 and measles vaccine (69%) and highest if administered with DTP1 and DTP2 (84%).

Conclusions: Coverage with 1 dose of IPV is expected to be lowest if it is administered at the DTP3 visit. At present, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether the SAGE-recommended IPV schedule for the polio endgame would maximize population immunity to type 2 poliovirus.

Keywords: inactivated poliovirus vaccine; polio; polio eradication; routine immunization.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Coverage with dose 3 of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3) and DTP1–DTP3 drop-out rate among children 12–23 months of age. The size of circles is proportional to number of children in a birth cohort who will not receive DTP3.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A, Number of children in a birth cohort who are likely to not receive dose 3 of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3), 2011. B, Number of children in a birth cohort who are likely to receive DTP1 but not DTP3, 2011.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A, Number of children in a birth cohort who are likely to not receive dose 3 of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3), 2011. B, Number of children in a birth cohort who are likely to receive DTP1 but not DTP3, 2011.
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