Real stereopsis test using a three-dimensional display with Tridef software

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate horizontal image disparity in three-dimensional (3-D) perception using 3-D animations in normal control patients and patients with intermittent exotropia, anisometropic amblyopia, and partially accommodative esotropia.

Materials and methods: A total of 133 subjects were included. Stereopsis was measured using the Titmus Stereo test (Stereo Optical Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and a 3-D stereopsis test with a 15 inch 3-D display laptop, adjusting 3-D parameters of 0 mm horizontal disparity to 15 mm horizontal disparity.

Results: When compared with normal controls, the average threshold of the 3-D stereopsis test was significantly reduced for esotropia patients (p<0.001) and for anisometric amblyopia patients (p<0.001), compared to normal controls. No significant difference was observed between normal controls and intermittent exotropia patients (p=0.082). The 3-D stereopsis test was correlated with the Titmus Stereo test (Spearman's rho=0.690, p<0.001). Mean difference in stereoacuity was 1.323 log seconds of arc (95% limits of agreement: 0.486 to 2.112), and 125 (92.5%) patients were within the limits of agreement.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a 3-D stereopsis test with animation is highly correlated with the Titmus Stereo test; nevertheless, 3-D stereopsis with animations generates more image disparities than the conventional Titmus Stereo test. The 3-D stereopsis test is highly predictive for estimating real stereopsis in a 3-D movie theater.

Keywords: Depth perceptions; imaging; three dimensional; vision disparity.

Fig. 1

(A) Subject watches the 3-dimensional (3-D) movie displayed by a 15 inch 3-D laptop computer. (B) The video clip was converted into a 3-D movie by a TriDef 3-D media player.

Fig. 2

Box plot illustrating the results of the Titmus Stereo and three-dimensional (3-D) stereopsis tests for each group of patients. ^*Statistical significance compared to normal controls. arcsec, seconds of arc.

Fig. 3

Scatter plot showing the association between the Titmus Stereo and three-dimensional (3-D) stereopsis tests (Spearman's rho=0.690, p<0.001). arcsec, seconds of arc.

Fig. 4

Bland-Altman plot showing differences between the three-dimensional (3-D) stereopsis and Titmus Stereo tests for 133 subjects. Gray area shows 95% limits of agreement with 95% confidence intervals. Mean difference between the 3-D stereopsis and Titmus tests was 1.323 log arcsec. arcsec, seconds of arc.