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. 2014 Oct;10(4):320-7.
doi: 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.4.320. Epub 2014 Oct 6.

Evaluation of temperament and character features as risk factors for depressive symptoms in patients with restless legs syndrome

Vildan Altunayoglu Cakmak  1 , Sibel Gazioglu  1 , Nuray Can Usta  1 , Evrim Ozkorumak  2 , Ahmet Ayar  3 , Murat Topbas  4 , Cavit Boz  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of temperament and character features as risk factors for depressive symptoms in patients with restless legs syndrome

Vildan Altunayoglu Cakmak et al. J Clin Neurol. 2014 Oct.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep-related movement disorder that is frequently associated with psychological disturbances. Personality traits are of considerable importance with respect to coping with chronic illness and disease vulnerability. This study assessed the temperament and character traits of RLS patients using an approach that involves the psychobiological model of personality.

Methods: The personality features of 65 newly diagnosed and untreated RLS patients with no neurological or psychiatric diseases and 109 healthy controls were determined using the Temperament and Character Inventory and compared using covariance analyses. The International RLS Study Group Severity Scale was used to assess the severity of the RLS symptoms, and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms.

Results: RLS patients scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the temperament dimension of harm avoidance (HA, p=0.02) and significantly lower on self-directedness (SD, p=0.001). No significant difference was observed in terms of the temperament dimension of novelty seeking (p=0.435). HA scores were significantly correlated with the BDI score but not with the RLS severity or duration.

Conclusions: High HA and low SD scores are the main characterizing personality features of RLS patients. These personality dimensions may be among the factors predisposing patients to development of the depressive symptoms that are frequently associated with RLS.

Keywords: Temperament and Character Inventory; dopamine; harm avoidance; personality; restless legs syndrome; serotonin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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