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. 2014:2014:769452.
doi: 10.1155/2014/769452. Epub 2014 Sep 18.

Gender-dependent effect of GSTM1 genotype on childhood asthma associated with prenatal tobacco smoke exposure

Chih-Chiang Wu  1 , Chia-Yu Ou  2 , Jen-Chieh Chang  3 , Te-Yao Hsu  2 , Ho-Chang Kuo  4 , Chieh-An Liu  5 , Chih-Lu Wang  5 , Chia-Ju Chuang  6 , Hau Chuang  3 , Hsiu-Mei Liang  2 , Kuender D Yang  7
Affiliations

Gender-dependent effect of GSTM1 genotype on childhood asthma associated with prenatal tobacco smoke exposure

Chih-Chiang Wu et al. Biomed Res Int. 2014.

Abstract

It remains unclear whether the GSTM1 genotype interacts with tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in asthma development. This study aimed to investigate the interactions among GSTM1 genotype, gender, and prenatal TSE with regard to childhood asthma development. In a longitudinal birth cohort in Taiwan, 756 newborns completed a 6-year follow-up, and 591 children with DNA samples available for GSTM1 genotyping were included in the study, and the interactive influences of gender-GSTM1 genotyping-prenatal TSE on childhood asthma development were analyzed. Among these 591 children, 138 (23.4%) had physician-diagnosed asthma at 6 years of age, and 347 (58.7%) were null-GSTM1. Prenatal TSE significantly increased the prevalence of childhood asthma in null-GSTM1 children relative to those with positive GSTM1. Further analysis showed that prenatal TSE significantly increased the risk of childhood asthma in girls with null-GSTM1. Furthermore, among the children without prenatal TSE, girls with null-GSTM1 had a significantly lower risk of developing childhood asthma and a lower total IgE level at 6 years of age than those with positive GSTM1. This study demonstrates that the GSTM1 null genotype presents a protective effect against asthma development in girls, but the risk of asthma development increases significantly under prenatal TSE.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Interactions among GSTM1 genotype, gender, and prenatal TSE with regard to asthma development at 6 years of age. Prenatal TSE significantly increased the risk of childhood asthma in females with the GSTM1 null genotype (P = 0.001, OR: 4.107, 95% CI: 1.669–10.107), but not in the other 3 groups. Furthermore, among children without prenatal TSE, females with the GSTM1 null genotype had a significantly lower risk of developing childhood asthma (P = 0.036, OR: 0.436, 95% CI: 0.197–0.966).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Interaction of the GSTM1 genotype and gender with regard to the log-transformed total IgE level at 6 years of age among individuals without prenatal TSE. Among children without prenatal TSE, the log-transformed total IgE level at 6 years of age was significantly lower in females with the GSTM1 null genotype than in the other 3 groups. The results are presented as the mean ± standard error.
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