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Review
. 2014 Oct 22:13:142.
doi: 10.1186/s12933-014-0142-7.

Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists

Francisco Kerr Saraiva  1 , Andrei C Sposito  2
Affiliations
Review

Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists

Francisco Kerr Saraiva et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol. .

Abstract

Patients with type 2 diabetes have a several-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease when compared with nondiabetic controls. Myocardial infarction and stroke are responsible for 75% of all death in patients with diabetes, who present a 2-4× increased incidence of death from coronary artery disease. Patients with diabetes are considered for cardiovascular disease secondary prevention because their risk level is similar to that reported in patients without diabetes who have already suffered a myocardial infarction. More recently, with a better risk factors control, mainly in intensive LDL cholesterol targets with statins, a significant decrease in acute cardiovascular events was observed in population with diabetes. Together with other major risk factors, type 2 diabetes must be considered as an important cause of cardiovascular disease.Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists represent a novel class of anti-hyperglycemic agents that have a cardiac-friendly profile, preserve neuronal cells and inhibit neuronal degeneration, an anti-inflammatory effect in liver protecting it against steatosis, increase insulin sensitivity, promote weight loss, and increase satiety or anorexia.This review is intended to rationally compile the multifactorial cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists available for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
GLP-1 is released from the small intestine after meal ingestion and enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ( incretin action ). DPP-4 rapidly converts GLP-1 and GIP to their inactive metabolites in vivo. Inhibition of DPP-4 activity prevents GLP-1 and GIP degradation, thereby enhancing incretin action (Adapted from Abrahamson MJ. The increting effect of GLP-1. Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: Mechanisms and Risk Reduction. http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/557239 and reference [14]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pleitropic effects of GLP-1 or GLP-1R agonists (Adapted from references [ 24 ] ).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Intracellular signaling pathways of GLP-1R in the cardiomyocytes (Adapted from references [ 36 , 39 ] ).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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