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. 2014 Oct 24:4:6768.
doi: 10.1038/srep06768.

Urinary metabolic profiling of rat models revealed protective function of scoparone against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity

Aihua Zhang  1 , Hui Sun  1 , Xijun Wang  1
Affiliations

Urinary metabolic profiling of rat models revealed protective function of scoparone against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity

Aihua Zhang et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of non-accident-related deaths in the world. Identification of an early specific signature of ALD would aid in therapeutic intervention. Scoparone is an important constituent of Yinchenhao, and displayed bright prospects in hepatoprotective effect. However, its precise molecular mechanism has not been well explored. The present study was designed to assess the effects and possible mechanisms of scoparone against alcohol-induced liver injury. UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF/MS combined with pattern recognition approaches including PCA, and PLS-DA were integrated to get differentiating metabolites for the pathways and clarify mechanisms of disease, highlight insights into drug discovery. The results indicated four ions in the positive mode were characterized as potential differentiating metabolites which can be regulated by scoparone treatment, and suggested that therapeutic effect of scoparone could regulated the dysfunctions of citrate cycle, sphingolipid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Chemical structures of scoparone.
Figure 2
Figure 2. A typical total ion chromatograms of urine obtain from UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF/MS analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Trajectory analysis of PCA score plots for the alcohol treatment in positive mode.
(formula image: the 1st day; formula image: the 2nd day; formula image: the 3rd day; formula image: the 4th day; formula image: the 5th day; formula image: the 6th day; formula image: the 7th day)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Loading plot of metabolome in rat urine from model group.
The loading plot represents the impact of the metabolites on the clustering results. PLS-DA loading plots displayed variables positively correlated with score plots. Statistically and significantly different metabolites responsible for the discrimination of the two groups were identified between the control and model group. Red data points indicate that ions most responsible for the variance in the score plot.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Typical identification of potential biomarker 1,1'-(1,8-naphthylene)bis(1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid) tetra-tert-butyl ester in urine using UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS-based metabolomics.
(A). Mass spectrum of full scan and product ion scan of determined biomarkers. (B): Possible fragmentation pathway; (C): Chemical structure of glycocholate.
Figure 6
Figure 6. PCA Score plot for the acute livery injury after scoparone treatment in positive mode.
(formula image: control; formula image: scoparone group; formula image: model group)
Figure 7
Figure 7. The trends plot of intensity for potential urine biomarker in the urine samples.
(A): 1,1'-(1,8-naphthylene)bis(1H-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid) tetra-tert-butyl ester; (B): 3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate; (C): 2-pyrocatechuic acid; (D): glucosylceramide (d18:1/18:0). (formula image: control; formula image: scoparone group; formula image: model group).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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