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Review
. 2014 Oct 28;20(40):14598-614.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14598.

Hepatitis B virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a review

Hsin-Yun Sun  1 , Wang-Huei Sheng  1 , Mao-Song Tsai  1 , Kuan-Yeh Lee  1 , Sui-Yuan Chang  1 , Chien-Ching Hung  1
Affiliations
Review

Hepatitis B virus coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a review

Hsin-Yun Sun et al. World J Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Due to the shared modes of transmission, coinfection with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not uncommon. It is estimated that 10% of HIV-infected patients worldwide are coinfected with HBV. In areas where an HBV vaccination program is implemented, the HBV seroprevalence has declined significantly. In HIV/HBV-coinfected patients, HBV coinfection accelerates immunologic and clinical progression of HIV infection and increases the risk of hepatotoxicity when combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is initiated, while HIV infection increases the risk of hepatitis events, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease related to chronic HBV infection. With the advances in antiviral therapy, concurrent, successful long-term suppression of HIV and HBV replication can be achieved in the cART era. To reduce the disease burden of HBV infection among HIV-infected patients, adoption of safe sex practices, avoidance of sharing needles and diluent, HBV vaccination and use of cART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine or lamivudine are the most effective approaches. However, due to HIV-related immunosuppression, using increased doses of HBV vaccine and novel approaches to HBV vaccination are needed to improve the immunogenicity of HBV vaccine among HIV-infected patients.

Keywords: Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; Seroepidemiology; Sexually transmitted diseases; Vaccination; Viral hepatitis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients according to birth year in Taiwan. The seroprevalence declined significantly from 20.3% in those who were born before in 1984 (n = 3034) when the neonatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination was provided to newborns whose mothers tested positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) to 3.7% in those who were born after 1986 (n = 507) when universal neonatal vaccination and catch-up vaccination were implemented[23,24].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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