Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010:2010:541-558.
doi: 10.1201/9781420072884-c30.

Spatial Aggregation and the Ecological Fallacy

No authors listed

Spatial Aggregation and the Ecological Fallacy

No authors listed. Chapman Hall CRC Handb Mod Stat Methods. 2010.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 30.1
Figure 30.1
SMRs for asthma hospitalization in Californian counties.
Figure 30.2
Figure 30.2
log SMR versus mean log PM2.5 for counties with monitors, with a local smoother imposed.
Figure 30.3
Figure 30.3
Predicted exposures for (a) and (b) census block groups, in California.

References

    1. Abrahamowicz M, du Berger R, Krewski D, Burnett R, Bartlett G, Tamblyn RM, Leffondré K. Bias due to aggregation of individual covariates in the cox regression model. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2004;160:696–706. - PubMed
    1. Besag J, York J, Mollié A. Bayesian image restoration with two applications in spatial statistics. Annals of the Institute of Statistics and Mathematics. 1991;43:1–59.
    1. Best N, Cockings S, Bennett J, Wakefield J, Elliott P. Ecological regression analysis of environmental benzene exposure and childhood leukaemia: sensitivity to data inaccuracies, geographical scale and ecological bias. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A. 2001;164:155–174.
    1. Best NG, Ickstadt K, Wolpert RL. Ecological modelling of health and exposure data measured at disparate spatial scales. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 2000;95:1076–1088.
    1. Brenner H, Savitz D, Jockel KH, Greenland S. Effects of non-differential exposure misclassification in ecologic studies. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1992;135:85–95. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources