Myiasis of the ear: a review with entomological aspects for the otolaryngologist

Abstract

Objective: Myiasis is the infestation of live humans (or animals) by fly larvae. Although the diagnosis is relatively straightforward, how to best treat aural myiasis has not been well described in the literature. This comprehensive literature review, therefore, was performed to identify current management principles in aural myiasis, especially with regard to the causative fly family. In addition, we explore the possible relationship between aural myiasis and the highly lethal intracranial myiasis.

Data sources: Literature review using the Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar.

Review methods: Manuscripts published in the English language between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2012, were included.

Results: Forty-five cases of aural myiasis were reported in 34 manuscripts. Most cases were caused by species of the Sarcophagidae family (n=26/45, 57.8%). The majority of cases (n=40/45, 88.9%) were successfully treated with simple aural toilet and topical treatments alone. No deaths were reported and no cases were seen in conjunction with intracranial myiasis.

Conclusion: Aural myiasis is a rare but benign fly infestation of the ear, most commonly by species of the Sarcophagidae family. The overwhelming majority of cases can be successfully managed without the need for surgical intervention.

Keywords: Sarcophagidae; aural myiasis; maggots; otomyiasis; review; treatment.