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. 2014 Aug 29;5(10):3305-10.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.5.003305. eCollection 2014 Oct 1.

FPscope: a field-portable high-resolution microscope using a cellphone lens

Siyuan Dong  1 , Kaikai Guo  1 , Pariksheet Nanda  2 , Radhika Shiradkar  2 , Guoan Zheng  3
Affiliations

FPscope: a field-portable high-resolution microscope using a cellphone lens

Siyuan Dong et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

The large consumer market has made cellphone lens modules available at low-cost and in high-quality. In a conventional cellphone camera, the lens module is used to demagnify the scene onto the image plane of the camera, where image sensor is located. In this work, we report a 3D-printed high-resolution Fourier ptychographic microscope, termed FPscope, which uses a cellphone lens in a reverse manner. In our platform, we replace the image sensor with sample specimens, and use the cellphone lens to project the magnified image to the detector. To supersede the diffraction limit of the lens module, we use an LED array to illuminate the sample from different incident angles and synthesize the acquired images using the Fourier ptychographic algorithm. As a demonstration, we use the reported platform to acquire high-resolution images of resolution target and biological specimens, with a maximum synthetic numerical aperture (NA) of 0.5. We also show that, the depth-of-focus of the reported platform is about 0.1 mm, orders of magnitude longer than that of a conventional microscope objective with a similar NA. The reported platform may enable healthcare accesses in low-resource settings. It can also be used to demonstrate the concept of computational optics for educational purposes.

Keywords: (110.0180) Microscopy; (170.3010) Image reconstruction techniques; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
System design of FPscope. (a) A cellphone lens is used in a reverse manner. The magnified sample image is projected onto a CCD sensor. An 8 by 8 LED matrix is used for sample illumination. (b) The assembled FPscope connected to a computer.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The assembling process of the FPscope. (a) A Nokia cellphone lens is fitted in to a plastic case. The case is assembled onto a CCD camera. (b) The assembling of the x-y stage and the slide holder. (c) The assembling of the z stage. (d) The final assembled FPscope.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Resolution characterization of the FPscope. (a) One of the 64 low-resolution raw images captured using the cellphone lens. (b) The FP recovered image, where feature of group 9, element 3 can be clearly resolved.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
(a) Depth-of-focus characterization of the FPscope. One of the low-resolution raw images captured at (b1) z = 50 µm and (c1) z = −50 µm. (b2-b3), (c2-c3) The FP reconstructions by introducing defocused pupil functions at the recovery process. The depth-of-focus is orders of magnitude longer than that of conventional microscope objective lens with a similar NA.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
(a) Raw image of a blood smear (0.15 NA). (b) FP recovered intensity image, phase, and color image. The maximum synthetic NA is 0.5. (c) The image captured using a conventional microscope with a 40X, 0.75 NA objective lens.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Demonstration of the FPscope using a pathology slide. The full field-of-view is about 1.1 mm by 0.8 mm. The maximum synthetic NA is 0.5. Images captured using conventional microscope with a 0.75 NA objective lens are also shown for comparison.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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