Differentiation of ex vivo human breast tissue using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

doi:10.1364/BOE.5.003417

. 2014 Sep 4;5(10):3417-26.

doi: 10.1364/BOE.5.003417. eCollection 2014 Oct 1.

Differentiation of ex vivo human breast tissue using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Fredrick A South¹, Eric J Chaney², Marina Marjanovic², Steven G Adie², Stephen A Boppart³

Affiliations

¹ Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 306 N Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
² Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
³ Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 306 N Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, 1304 W Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, 506 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

PMID: 25360360
PMCID: PMC4206312
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.5.003417

Differentiation of ex vivo human breast tissue using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Fredrick A South et al. Biomed Opt Express. 2014.

. 2014 Sep 4;5(10):3417-26.

doi: 10.1364/BOE.5.003417. eCollection 2014 Oct 1.

Authors

Fredrick A South¹, Eric J Chaney², Marina Marjanovic², Steven G Adie², Stephen A Boppart³

Affiliations

¹ Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 306 N Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
² Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
³ Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 306 N Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, 1304 W Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, 506 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

PMID: 25360360
PMCID: PMC4206312
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.5.003417

Abstract

Successful treatment of breast cancer typically requires surgical removal of the tumor. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been previously developed for real-time imaging of the surgical margin. However, it can be difficult to distinguish between normal stromal tissue and cancer tissue based on scattering intensity and structure alone. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is sensitive to form birefringence of biological tissue. We report on the development of a high-speed PS-OCT system and imaging of ex vivo human breast tissue, showing enhanced contrast between healthy and cancerous tissues based upon collagen content confirmed with corresponding histology. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using PS-OCT to supplement structural OCT as a possible method for intraoperative tumor margin evaluation.

Keywords: (110.4500) Optical coherence tomography; (110.5405) Polarimetric imaging; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging; (170.4500) Optical coherence tomography; (170.6935) Tissue characterization; (260.1440) Birefringence.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
(a) Swept-source PS-OCT system design. FDML: Fourier domain mode-locked laser; LP: Linear polarizer; PBS: Polarizing beam splitter; QWP: Quarter-wave plate. (b) PS-OCT image of molded plastic. (c) PS-OCT image of chicken breast muscle. Scale bar represents 500 µm.

**Fig. 2**
Fibro-adipose human breast tissue. (a) Structural OCT image. (b) H&E-stained histology. (c) PS-OCT image (Media 1). (d) Picrosirius red stained histology. (e) *En face* PS-OCT projection. Scale bars represent 500 µm.

**Fig. 3**
Fibrous human breast tissue. (a) Structural OCT image. (b) H&E-stained histology. (c) PS-OCT image (Media 2). (d) Picrosirius red stained histology. (e) *En face* PS-OCT projection. Scale bars represent 500 µm.

**Fig. 4**
Invasive ductal carcinoma replacing the surrounding fibrous environment. (a) Structural OCT image. (b) H&E-stained histology. (c) PS-OCT image (Media 3). Red arrow indicates tumor, green arrow indicates fibrous stroma. (d) Picrosirius red stained histology. (e) *En face* PS-OCT projection. Scale bars represent 500 µm.

**Fig. 5**
Extensive invasive ductal carcinoma that has fully replaced normal breast tissue. (a) Structural OCT image. (b) H&E-stained histology. (c) PS-OCT image (Media 4). (d) Picrosirius red stained histology. (e) *En face* PS-OCT projection. Scale bars represent 500 µm.

**Fig. 6**
Cribriform type ductal carcinoma *in situ*. (a) Structural OCT image. (b) H&E-stained histology. (c) PS-OCT image (Media 5). (d) Picrosirius red stained histology. (e) *En face* PS-OCT projection. Scale bars represent 500 µm.

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References

1. American Cancer Society , Breast Cancer Facts & Figs. 2013–2014 (American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, 2013).
1. Fisher B., Anderson S., Bryant J., Margolese R. G., Deutsch M., Fisher E. R., Jeong J.-H., Wolmark N., “Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer,” N. Engl. J. Med. 347(16), 1233–1241 (2002).10.1056/NEJMoa022152 - DOI - PubMed
1. Veronesi U., Cascinelli N., Mariani L., Greco M., Saccozzi R., Luini A., Aguilar M., Marubini E., “Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer,” N. Engl. J. Med. 347(16), 1227–1232 (2002).10.1056/NEJMoa020989 - DOI - PubMed
1. Ananthakrishnan P., Balci F. L., Crowe J. P., “Optimizing surgical margins in breast conservation,” Int. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012, 585670 (2012).10.1155/2012/585670 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Dillon M. F., Hill A. D. K., Quinn C. M., McDermott E. W., O’Higgins N., “A pathologic assessment of adequate margin status in breast-conserving therapy,” Ann. Surg. Oncol. 13(3), 333–339 (2006).10.1245/ASO.2006.03.098 - DOI - PubMed

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[1] American Cancer Society , Breast Cancer Facts & Figs. 2013–2014 (American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, 2013).

[2] American Cancer Society , Breast Cancer Facts & Figs. 2013–2014 (American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, 2013).

[3] Fisher B., Anderson S., Bryant J., Margolese R. G., Deutsch M., Fisher E. R., Jeong J.-H., Wolmark N., “Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer,” N. Engl. J. Med. 347(16), 1233–1241 (2002).10.1056/NEJMoa022152 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Fisher B., Anderson S., Bryant J., Margolese R. G., Deutsch M., Fisher E. R., Jeong J.-H., Wolmark N., “Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer,” N. Engl. J. Med. 347(16), 1233–1241 (2002).10.1056/NEJMoa022152 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Veronesi U., Cascinelli N., Mariani L., Greco M., Saccozzi R., Luini A., Aguilar M., Marubini E., “Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer,” N. Engl. J. Med. 347(16), 1227–1232 (2002).10.1056/NEJMoa020989 - DOI - PubMed

[6] Veronesi U., Cascinelli N., Mariani L., Greco M., Saccozzi R., Luini A., Aguilar M., Marubini E., “Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer,” N. Engl. J. Med. 347(16), 1227–1232 (2002).10.1056/NEJMoa020989 - DOI - PubMed

[7] Ananthakrishnan P., Balci F. L., Crowe J. P., “Optimizing surgical margins in breast conservation,” Int. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012, 585670 (2012).10.1155/2012/585670 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Ananthakrishnan P., Balci F. L., Crowe J. P., “Optimizing surgical margins in breast conservation,” Int. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012, 585670 (2012).10.1155/2012/585670 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Dillon M. F., Hill A. D. K., Quinn C. M., McDermott E. W., O’Higgins N., “A pathologic assessment of adequate margin status in breast-conserving therapy,” Ann. Surg. Oncol. 13(3), 333–339 (2006).10.1245/ASO.2006.03.098 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Dillon M. F., Hill A. D. K., Quinn C. M., McDermott E. W., O’Higgins N., “A pathologic assessment of adequate margin status in breast-conserving therapy,” Ann. Surg. Oncol. 13(3), 333–339 (2006).10.1245/ASO.2006.03.098 - DOI - PubMed

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Differentiation of ex vivo human breast tissue using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

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Differentiation of ex vivo human breast tissue using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

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Abstract

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