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Review
. 2014 Nov;18(6):760-71.
doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.141320.

Hyponatremia: A practical approach

Manisha Sahay  1 , Rakesh Sahay  1
Affiliations
Review

Hyponatremia: A practical approach

Manisha Sahay et al. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Nov.

Abstract

Hyponatremia is an important and common clinical problem. The etiology is multifactorial. Hyponatremia may be euvolemic, hypovolemic or hypervolemic. Proper interpretation of the various laboratory tests helps to differentiate the various types of hyponatremia. Treatment varies with the nature of onset -acute or chronic, severity and symptoms. Normal saline forms the mainstay of treatment for hypovolemic hyponatremia while 3% NaCl and fluid restriction are important for euvolemic hyponatremia. Hypervolemic hyponatremia responds well to fluid restriction and diuretics. There have been several recent advances in the last year with revision in the guidelines for treatment and availability of vaptans. Judicious use of vaptans may help in treatment of hyponatremia.

Keywords: Hyponatremia-Euvolemic; SIADH; Vaptans; osmolality; osmotic demyelination.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: No.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Types of hyponatremia
Figure 2
Figure 2
Approach to hyponatremia
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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