Combined circumferential and longitudinal left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis

Abstract

Background: Early detection of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is pivotal in the management of patients with aortic stenosis (AS). LV circumferential and/or longitudinal shortening may be impaired in these patients despite LV ejection fraction is preserved. We focused on prevalence and factors associated with combined impairment of circumferential and longitudinal shortening (C&L) in asymptomatic AS patients.

Methods: Echocardiographic and clinical data from 200 patients with asymptomatic AS of any degree without history of heart failure and normal LV ejection fraction were analyzed. C&L were evaluated by mid-wall shortening (MS) and tissue Doppler mitral annular peak systolic velocity (S'), and classified low if <16.5% and if <8.5 cm/sec, respectively (10th percentiles of controls).

Results: Combined C&L dysfunction was detected in 72 patients (36%). The variables associated with this condition were higher LV mass (OR 1.02 [CI 1.01-1.04], P = 0.03), concentric LV geometry (OR 4.30 [CI 1.79-10.34], P = 0.001), increasing pulmonary artery wedge pressure (by E/e' ratio; OR 1.11 [CI 1.04-1.19], P = 0.001). The relation of MS and peak S' was linear and slightly significant in the whole population (r = 0.23; F statistic=0.001), absent in patients with C&L dysfunction (r = 0.04; F = ns), negative (linear model) in the subgroup of patients without C&L dysfunction (r = -0.22; F = 0.02).

Conclusions: C&L dysfunction is present in more than one-third of patients with asymptomatic AS and is associated with concentric LV geometry and higher degree of diastolic dysfunction. The relation between MS and peak S' largely varies in the subgroups with different C&L function.

Keywords: aortic stenosis; calcium score; concentric hypertrophy; left ventricular mass; left ventricular systolic dysfunction; longitudinal function; mid-wall shortening.