Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2014:2014:587064.
doi: 10.1155/2014/587064. Epub 2014 Jan 5.

Modern management of the exstrophy-epispadias complex

Brian M Inouye  1 , Ali Tourchi  1 , Heather N Di Carlo  1 , Ezekiel E Young  1 , John P Gearhart  1
Affiliations
Review

Modern management of the exstrophy-epispadias complex

Brian M Inouye et al. Surg Res Pract. 2014.

Abstract

The exstrophy-epispadias complex is a rare spectrum of malformations affecting the genitourinary system, anterior abdominal wall, and pelvis. Historically, surgical outcomes were poor in patients with classic bladder exstrophy and cloacal exstrophy, the two more severe presentations. However, modern techniques to repair epispadias, classic bladder exstrophy, and cloacal exstrophy have increased the success of achieving urinary continence, satisfactory cosmesis, and quality of life. Unfortunately, these procedures are not without their own complications. This review provides readers with an overview of the management of the exstrophy-epispadias complex and potential surgical complications.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Four presentations of the exstrophy-epispadias complex: (a) complete male epispadias, (b) complete female epispadias, (c) classic bladder exstrophy, and (d) cloacal exstrophy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Grady RW, Mitchell ME. Management of epispadias. Urologic Clinics of North America. 2002;29(2):349–360. - PubMed
    1. Lattimer JK, Smith MJ. Exstrophy closure: a followup on 70 cases. Journal of Urology. 1966;95(3):356–359. - PubMed
    1. Gambhir L, Höller T, Müller M, et al. Epidemiological survey of 214 families with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex. Journal of Urology. 2008;179(4):1539–1543. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nelson CP, Dunn RL, Wei JT. Contemporary epidemiology of bladder exstrophy in the United States. Journal of Urology. 2005;173(5):1728–1731. - PubMed
    1. Wood HM, Babineau D, Gearhart JP. In vitro fertilization and the cloacal/bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex: a continuing association. Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2007;3(4):305–310. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources