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. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):763-7.
doi: 10.1126/science.1257570. Epub 2014 Nov 6.

Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution

Bernhard Misof  1 , Shanlin Liu  2 , Karen Meusemann  3 , Ralph S Peters  4 , Alexander Donath  5 , Christoph Mayer  5 , Paul B Frandsen  6 , Jessica Ware  7 , Tomáš Flouri  8 , Rolf G Beutel  9 , Oliver Niehuis  5 , Malte Petersen  5 , Fernando Izquierdo-Carrasco  8 , Torsten Wappler  10 , Jes Rust  10 , Andre J Aberer  8 , Ulrike Aspöck  11 , Horst Aspöck  12 , Daniela Bartel  13 , Alexander Blanke  14 , Simon Berger  8 , Alexander Böhm  13 , Thomas R Buckley  15 , Brett Calcott  16 , Junqing Chen  17 , Frank Friedrich  18 , Makiko Fukui  19 , Mari Fujita  20 , Carola Greve  5 , Peter Grobe  5 , Shengchang Gu  17 , Ying Huang  2 , Lars S Jermiin  21 , Akito Y Kawahara  22 , Lars Krogmann  23 , Martin Kubiak  18 , Robert Lanfear  24 , Harald Letsch  25 , Yiyuan Li  2 , Zhenyu Li  17 , Jiguang Li  17 , Haorong Lu  17 , Ryuichiro Machida  20 , Yuta Mashimo  20 , Pashalia Kapli  26 , Duane D McKenna  27 , Guanliang Meng  2 , Yasutaka Nakagaki  20 , José Luis Navarrete-Heredia  28 , Michael Ott  29 , Yanxiang Ou  17 , Günther Pass  13 , Lars Podsiadlowski  30 , Hans Pohl  9 , Björn M von Reumont  31 , Kai Schütte  32 , Kaoru Sekiya  20 , Shota Shimizu  20 , Adam Slipinski  33 , Alexandros Stamatakis  34 , Wenhui Song  2 , Xu Su  2 , Nikolaus U Szucsich  13 , Meihua Tan  2 , Xuemei Tan  17 , Min Tang  2 , Jingbo Tang  17 , Gerald Timelthaler  13 , Shigekazu Tomizuka  20 , Michelle Trautwein  35 , Xiaoli Tong  36 , Toshiki Uchifune  37 , Manfred G Walzl  13 , Brian M Wiegmann  38 , Jeanne Wilbrandt  5 , Benjamin Wipfler  9 , Thomas K F Wong  21 , Qiong Wu  2 , Gengxiong Wu  17 , Yinlong Xie  17 , Shenzhou Yang  2 , Qing Yang  2 , David K Yeates  33 , Kazunori Yoshizawa  39 , Qing Zhang  2 , Rui Zhang  2 , Wenwei Zhang  17 , Yunhui Zhang  17 , Jing Zhao  2 , Chengran Zhou  2 , Lili Zhou  2 , Tanja Ziesmann  5 , Shijie Zou  17 , Yingrui Li  17 , Xun Xu  17 , Yong Zhang  2 , Huanming Yang  17 , Jian Wang  17 , Jun Wang  40 , Karl M Kjer  41 , Xin Zhou  42
Affiliations

Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution

Bernhard Misof et al. Science. .

Abstract

Insects are the most speciose group of animals, but the phylogenetic relationships of many major lineages remain unresolved. We inferred the phylogeny of insects from 1478 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, with site-specific nucleotide or domain-specific amino acid substitution models, produced statistically robust and congruent results resolving previously controversial phylogenetic relations hips. We dated the origin of insects to the Early Ordovician [~479 million years ago (Ma)], of insect flight to the Early Devonian (~406 Ma), of major extant lineages to the Mississippian (~345 Ma), and the major diversification of holometabolous insects to the Early Cretaceous. Our phylogenomic study provides a comprehensive reliable scaffold for future comparative analyses of evolutionary innovations among insects.

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