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Meta-Analysis
. 2015 Aug;18(11):2041-54.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980014002262. Epub 2014 Nov 7.

Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Seyede-Masome Derakhshande-Rishehri  1 , Marjan Mansourian  2 , Roya Kelishadi  3 , Motahar Heidari-Beni  4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Seyede-Masome Derakhshande-Rishehri et al. Public Health Nutr. 2015 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to review the association of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consumption in two forms, foods enriched in CLA and CLA supplements, with serum lipid profile in human studies.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting: Search process was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct. Clinical trials that investigated the association of CLA intakes either in the form of supplements or enriched foods with lipid profile in healthy adults were included. All outcomes were recorded as continuous variables, and the effect size was measured by analysis of the mean and standard deviation before and after the intervention for case and control groups.

Subjects: Healthy adult population.

Results: CLA supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol (mean difference = -0.218; 95% CI -0.358, -0.077; P = 0.002), a non-significant decrease in HDL cholesterol (mean difference = -0.051; 95% CI -0.188, 0.086; P = 0.468), a non-significant increase in total cholesterol (mean difference = 0.009; 95% CI -0.128, 0.146; P = 0.896) and a non-significant decrease in TAG (mean difference = -0.065; 95% CI -0.20, 0.07; P = 0.344). Foods enriched with CLA were associated with significantly decreased LDL cholesterol (mean difference = -0.231; 95% CI -0.438, -0.024; P = 0.028), non-significantly increased HDL-C (mean difference = 0.075; 95% CI -0.121, 0.270; P=0.455), non-significantly decreased total cholesterol (mean difference = -0.158; 95% CI -0.349, 0.042; P = 0.124) and non-significantly decreased TAG (mean difference = -0.078; 95% CI -0.274, 0.117; P = 0.433).

Conclusions: According to our analysis, consumption of foods enriched with CLA or CLA supplements has favourable effects on LDL cholesterol levels.

Keywords: Conjugated linoleic acid; HDL cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; TAG; Total cholesterol.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of the literature search
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Meta-analysis of the effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on LDL cholesterol in published clinical trials. The study-specific standardized difference (Std diff) in means and 95 % CI are represented by the black square and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the black square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the black diamond presents the pooled standardized difference in means and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Meta-analysis of the effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on HDL cholesterol in published clinical trials. The study-specific standardized difference (Std diff) in means and 95 % CI are represented by the black square and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the black square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the black diamond presents the pooled standardized difference in means and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Meta-analysis of the effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on total cholesterol in published clinical trials. The study-specific standardized difference (Std diff) in means and 95 % CI are represented by the black square and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the black square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the black diamond presents the pooled standardized difference in means and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Meta-analysis of the effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on TAG in published clinical trials. The study-specific standardized difference (Std diff) in means and 95 % CI are represented by the black square and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the black square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the black diamond presents the pooled standardized difference in means and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Meta-analysis of the effect of natural foods enriched with conjugated linoleic acid on LDL cholesterol in published clinical trials. The study-specific standardized difference (Std diff) in means and 95 % CI are represented by the black square and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the black square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the black diamond presents the pooled standardized difference in means and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Meta-analysis of the effect of natural foods enriched with conjugated linoleic acid on HDL cholesterol in published clinical trials. The study-specific standardized difference (Std diff) in means and 95 % CI are represented by the black square and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the black square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the black diamond presents the pooled standardized difference in means and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Meta-analysis of the effect of natural foods enriched with conjugated linoleic acid on total cholesterol in published clinical trials. The study-specific standardized difference (Std diff) in means and 95 % CI are represented by the black square and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the black square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the black diamond presents the pooled standardized difference in means and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Meta-analysis of the effect of natural foods enriched with conjugated linoleic acid on TAG in published clinical trials. The study-specific standardized difference (Std diff) in means and 95 % CI are represented by the black square and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the black square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the black diamond presents the pooled standardized difference in means and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI
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