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Review
. 2014 Nov-Dec;89(6):925-38.
doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142998.

Update on cutaneous tuberculosis

Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias  1 , Fred Bernardes Filho  1 , Maria Victória Quaresma  1 , Leninha Valério do Nascimento  2 , José Augusto da Costa Nery  3 , David Rubem Azulay  1
Affiliations
Review

Update on cutaneous tuberculosis

Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias et al. An Bras Dermatol. 2014 Nov-Dec.

Erratum in

  • Erratum.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] An Bras Dermatol. 2015 Jan-Feb;90(1):143. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142998e. An Bras Dermatol. 2015. PMID: 25672319 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

Tuberculosis continues to draw special attention from health care professionals and society in general. Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infection caused by M. tuberculosis complex, M. bovis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Depending on individual immunity, environmental factors and the type of inoculum, it may present varied clinical and evolutionary aspects. Patients with HIV and those using immunobiological drugs are more prone to infection, which is a great concern in centers where the disease is considered endemic. This paper aims to review the current situation of cutaneous tuberculosis in light of this new scenario, highlighting the emergence of new and more specific methods of diagnosis, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the parasite-host interaction.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
A. Tuberculosis verrucosa – verrucous plaque with scaling located on the right axilla; B. Lupus vulgaris (Courtesy from Dr. Marcelo Lyra - Fiocruz); C. Lupus vulgaris (Courtesy from Dr. Marcelo Lyra - Fiocruz); D. Lupus vulgaris – erythematous infiltrating plaque with crusts located on the buttocks
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
A. Scrofuloderma (Courtesy from Dr. Vitor Paulo Perez - Fiocruz); B. Chest X-ray in posterioranterior (PA) position showing a right infraclavicular opacity (red arrow), images of thick-walled cavities, acinar lesions permeating the left superior lobe (blue arrow) and pleural effusion on the left (yellow arrow). Pulmonary tuberculosis – Chest X-ray from the same patient on Figure 3 (Courtesy fsrom Dr. Vitor Paulo Perez - Fiocruz); C. Scrofuloderma (Courtesy from Dra. Julia Ocampo Lyra da Silva – Bonsucesso Federal Hospital); D. Scrofuloderma. Ulcerated nodular lesion on the left inguinal region of an HIV positive patient
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
A. Papulonecrotic tuberculid – erythematous papules with central crust; B and C: Erythema induratum of Bazin
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Algorithm for the management of cutaneous tuberculosis:
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica . Manual de recomendações para o controle da tuberculose no Brasil. (Ministry of Health. Secretary of Health Surveillance. Department of Epidemiological Surveillance. Guide: recommendations for tuberculosis control in Brazil) Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011. 284 p
    1. Azulay RD, Azulay DR. Azulay DR. Dermatologia. 5. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2011. Tuberculose cutânea (Cutaneous tuberculosis) pp. 366–373.
    1. Sampaio SAP, Rivitti EA. Sampaio SAP, Rivitti EA. Dermatologia. 3 ed. São Paulo: Artes Médicas; 2008. Tuberculose e micobactérias atípicas (Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria) pp. 609–623.
    1. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde . Manual nacional de vigilância laboratorial da tuberculose e outras microbactérias. (Ministry of Health. Secretary of Health Surveillance. National Guide for laboratorial surveillance of tuberculosis and other microbacteria) Brasília, DF: 2008.
    1. Ramos-E-Silva M, Castro MCR. Fundamentos de Dermatologia. Rio de Janeiro: Atheneu; 2010. Tuberculose cutânea (Cutaneous tuberculosis) pp. 933–942.

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