Ifosfamide in testicular cancer: the Indiana University experience

Abstract

The systemic treatment of patients with metastatic germ cell tumors has improved dramatically during the past 15 years. Nonetheless, a cohort of patients are candidates for salvage chemotherapy. Having ruled out the possibility of pseudoprogression (eg, false elevated serum markers, teratoma, bleomycin lung disease), salvage therapy is indicated. Numerous trials in Europe and at Indiana University have confirmed single-agent activity of ifosfamide in patients with refractory germ cell tumors. As a consequence, a trial evaluating VeIP (vinblastine, ifosfamide, cisplatin) and VIP (etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin) was undertaken in 57 patients previously not cured with cisplatin, vinblastine, and etoposide regimens. Twenty patients achieved disease-free status with chemotherapy alone (n = 12) or chemotherapy plus surgical resection of residual carcinoma or teratoma (n = 8). Fifteen of these 20 patients remained free of recurrent disease from 18 to 53 months, including seven patients in continuous remission for over 2 years. Ifosfamide combination chemotherapy has curative potential in this heavily pretreated population. Further work to determine the role of ifosfamide in initial therapy is under way.