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Review
. 2014 Nov 15;5(4):479-86.
doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.479.

Evaluation and outcomes of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Cositha Santhakumar  1 , Ken Liu  1
Affiliations
Review

Evaluation and outcomes of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Cositha Santhakumar et al. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. .

Abstract

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) is defined as recurrent or persistent bleeding or presence of iron deficiency anaemia after evaluation with a negative bidirectional endoscopy. OGIB accounts for 5% of gastrointestinal bleeding and presents a diagnostic challenge. Current modalities available for the investigation of OGIB include capsule endoscopy, balloon assisted enteroscopy, spiral enteroscopy and computed tomography enterography. These modalities overcome the limitations of previous techniques. Following a negative bidirectional endoscopy, capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy remain the cornerstone of investigation in OGIB given their high diagnostic yield. Long-term outcome data in patients with OGIB is limited, but is most promising for capsule endoscopy. This article reviews the current literature and provides an overview of the clinical evaluation of patients with OGIB, available diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and long-term clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Anaemia; Capsule endoscopy; Double balloon enteroscopy; Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding; Outcomes.

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