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Review
. 2014 Nov;23(11):967-74.
doi: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4915.

Effects of sex and gender on adaptations to space: reproductive health

April E Ronca  1 , Ellen S Baker, Tamara G Bavendam, Kevin D Beck, Virginia M Miller, Joseph S Tash, Marjorie Jenkins
Affiliations
Review

Effects of sex and gender on adaptations to space: reproductive health

April E Ronca et al. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2014 Nov.

Abstract

In this report, sex/gender research relevant to reproduction on Earth, in conjunction with the extant human and animal observations in space, was used to identify knowledge gaps and prioritize recommendations for future sex- and gender-specific surveillance and monitoring of male and female astronauts. With overall increased durations of contemporary space missions, a deeper understanding of sex/gender effects on reproduction-related responses and adaptations to the space environment is warranted to minimize risks and insure healthy aging of the men and women who travel into space.

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Figures

<b>FIG. 1.</b>
FIG. 1.
Estrogen-regulated systems known to be affected by both spaceflight and aging. Adapted from Molina PE. Endocrine Physiology, Third Edition. www.accessmedicine.com. Copyright © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/jwh
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