Pregnancy-specific skin disorders

Abstract

The pregnancy-specific skin disorders are pruritic, inflammatory eruptions. The current classification by Ambros-Rudolph et al. includes four entities: pemphigoid gestationis (PG), polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP), atopic eruption of pregnancy (AEP), and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Although these disorders are all characterized by intense pruritus during pregnancy, they can be distinguished by timing, morphology, histopathology, treatment and potential for fetal complications. Diagnosis is made by clinical presentation, histology, and immunofluorescence. PEP and AEP typically resolve without sequelae; however, PG may lead to prematurity and low birth weight, and ICP is associated with an increased risk of prematurity, fetal distress, and intrauterine fetal demise. The potential for serious fetal complications necessitates a thorough evaluation of pregnancy-related pruritus. This article will discuss the skin disorders specific to pregnancy, with a focus on clinical presentation, potential for fetal complications, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.