Curare--a curative poison: a scientometric analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Curare is one of the best-examined neurotoxins of the world, which has empirically been used for centuries by American Indigenes. Research on curare has been performed much later, a global scientometric analysis on curare research or its derivates does not yet exist. This bibliometric analysis is part of the global NewQis-project and should illuminate both toxic and historic issues of research on curare.

Methods: The ISI Web of Science was searched for data covering 1900 to 2013 using a term which included as many original articles on curare as possible. 3,867 articles were found and analyzed for common bibliometric items such as the number of citations, language of the articles or the (modified) Hirsch-Index (h-index). Results are illustrated utilizing modern density equalizing map projections (DEMP) or beam diagrams.

Results: Most publications were located in North America and Europe. The USA has the highest number of publications as well as the highest h-index. The number of publications overall rose until the late 1990s and later decreased. Furthermore, sudden increases of research activity are ascribable to historic events, like the first use of curare as muscle relaxant during surgery.

Discussion: This scientometric analysis of curare research reflects several tendencies as previously seen in other bibliometric investigations, i.e. the scientific quality standard of North America and Europe. Research on curare decreased however, due to the declining attention towards this muscle relaxant. This work exemplifies also how scientometric methods can be used to illuminate historic circumstances immediately stimulating scientific research.

Figure 1. Articles by years.

Figure 2. Global distribution of the number of published items.

Figure 3. Global distribution of the modified h-index.

Figure 4. Collaborative articles in percent of all published articles by years.

Figure 5. Global collaborations - Each country is represented by its flag, while the first number in brackets represents the total volume of national publications, the second one represents the number of cooperation articles of the specific country, the number above the beam represents the number of collaborative articles.

Figure 6. Top 15 journals by articles.

Figure 7. Shift of subject areas by decades.

Figure 8. Shift of languages by decades.