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. 2012 Apr 1;5(1):83-101.
doi: 10.2174/1874764711205010083.

Recent Patents on Emerging Therapeutics for the Treatment of Glaucoma, Age Related Macular Degeneration and Uveitis

Aswani Dutt Vadlapudi  1 , Ashaben Patel  1 , Kishore Cholkar  1 , Ashim K Mitra  1
Affiliations

Recent Patents on Emerging Therapeutics for the Treatment of Glaucoma, Age Related Macular Degeneration and Uveitis

Aswani Dutt Vadlapudi et al. Recent Pat Biomed Eng. .

Abstract

Advancements in the field and rising interest among pharmaceutical researchers have led to the development of new molecules with enhanced therapeutic activity. Design of new drugs which can target a particular pathway and/or explore novel targets is of immense interest to ocular pharmacologists worldwide. Delivery of suitable pharmacologically active agents at proper dose (within the therapeutic window) to the target tissues without any toxicity to the healthy ocular tissues still remain an elusive task. Moreover, the presence of static and dynamic barriers to drug absorption including the corneal epithelium (lipophilic), corneal and scleral stroma (hydrophilic), conjunctival lymphatics, choroidal vasculature and the blood-ocular barriers also pose a significant challenge for achieving therapeutic drug concentrations at the target site. Although many agents are currently available, new compounds are being introduced for treating various ocular diseases. Deeper understanding of the etiology and complex mechanisms associated with the disease condition would aid in the development of potential therapeutic candidates. Novel small molecules as well as complex biotechnology derived macromolecules with superior efficacy, safety and tolerability are being developed. Therefore, this review article provides an overview of existing drugs, treatment options, advances in emerging therapeutics and related recent patents for the treatment of ocular disorders such as glaucoma, age related macular degeneration (AMD) and uveitis.

Keywords: Glaucoma; age related macular degeneration (AMD); novel therapeutics; patents; treatment; uveitis.

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Figures

Fig. (1)
Fig. (1)
Anatomy of the human eye.
Fig. (2)
Fig. (2)
Characteristic nerve appearance with damage from glaucoma. The center of the nerve has an excavated or "scooped out" appearance.
Fig. (3)
Fig. (3)
Stages of age related macular degeneration (AMD). Reproduced with permission from Ref [98].
Fig. (4)
Fig. (4)
Swelling of the uvea. A) Eye with anterior uveitis, B) Eye with posterior uveitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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