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. 2014 Oct;10(40):529-35.
doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.141794.

Comparison of cytotoxic activities of extracts from Selaginella species

Juan Li  1 , Xiang Lei  2 , Ke-Li Chen  2
Affiliations

Comparison of cytotoxic activities of extracts from Selaginella species

Juan Li et al. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Selaginella species are resurrection plants, which are known, possess various molecular bioactivities depending on species, but only a few species have been detailed observe in the advanced research.

Objective: The objective of the following study is to compare the chemical profiles of different species of Selaginella and to investigate cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis activities of some species of Selaginella.

Materials and methods: The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for chemical analysis. Ethyl acetate, ethanol and water-soluble extracts from seven Selaginella species were submitted to 3-(4,5-dimenthyl thizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) laddering analysis and caspase-3 expression using Bel-7402, HT-29 and HeLa cells.

Results: The HPLC analysis revealed two major common peaks, which were identified as amentoflavone and robustaflavone and another three main peaks in their chromatograms. The results showed that S. labordei, Selaginella tamariscina and Selaginella uncinata had relatively stronger activities on Bel-7402 and HeLa cells and Selaginella moellendorfii had moderate antiproliferation activities, but Selaginella remotifolia and Selaginella pulvinata had almost no inhibitory activities. The main active components were in the ethyl acetate extracts which had abundant biflavonoids. The effects of these extracts on cell proliferation and apoptosis in different cells were not the same, they were more apparent on HeLa cells than on HT-29 cells. The assay of DNA laddering analysis and caspase-3 expression further confirmed that inducing cell apoptosis was one of antitumor mechanisms and antitumor activities of Selaginella species were related to apoptosis induced by caspase family.

Conclusion: S. labordei, S. tamariscina and S. uncinata would be potential antitumor agents.

Keywords: Amentoflavone; Selaginella; antitumor; apoptosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The apoptotic rate inducing by ethyl acetate extracts on HeLa cells with the concentration of 50 μg/mL. In each flow cytometry figure, M1 was apoptotic cells. (a) Blank control. (b) Selaginella uncinata. (c) Selaginella tamariscina. (d) Selaginella remotifolia. (e) S.delicatula. (f) Selaginella moellendorfii. (g) Selaginella pulvinata. (h) S. labordei
Figure 2
Figure 2
The apoptotic rate inducing by ethyl acetate extracts of S. labordei on HeLa cells in dose dependent manner. In each flow cytometry figure, M1 was apoptotic cells. (a) 100 μg/mL. (b) 50 μg/mL. (c) 25 μg/mL. (d) Blank control
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of ethyl acetate extracts on deoxyribonucleic acid ladder analysis. From left to right: Marker, black control, Selaginella uncinata, Selaginella tamariscina, Selaginella remotifolia, S. delicatula, Selaginella moellendorfii, Selaginella pulvinata, S. labordei
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of ethyl acetate extracts on caspase-3 expression. (a) Selaginella uncinata. (b) Selaginella tamariscina. (c) Selaginella remotifolia. (d) S. delicatula. (e) Selaginella moellendorfii. (f) Selaginella pulvinata. (g) S. labordei. (h) Blank control
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