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Review
. 2014;10(7):2083-8.
doi: 10.4161/hv.28698.

Premature B-cell senescence as a consequence of chronic immune activation

Paolo Palma  1 , Stefano Rinaldi, Nicola Cotugno, Veronica Santilli, Savita Pahwa, Paolo Rossi, Alberto Cagigi
Affiliations
Review

Premature B-cell senescence as a consequence of chronic immune activation

Paolo Palma et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014.

Abstract

Similar features between the immune system of healthy elderly people and of younger individuals subjected to conditions of chronic immune activation are progressively being observed. This is raising the hypothesis that chronic immune activation may cause the premature aging of the immune system. Here we dissect this theory by comparing changes occurring to B-cells during healthy aging to the ones occurring during chronic immune activation in younger individuals. Moreover, we discuss how these changes may affect or predict response to vaccination in immune compromised individuals.

Keywords: activation-induced deaminase (AID); aging; double negative B-cells; immunization; immunosenescence; inflammaging; mature-activated B-cells; predictive biomarkers.

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Figures

None
Figure 1. (A) DN B-cells may be late or exhausted memory B-cells which have lost the expression of CD27 carrying a decreased number of SHMs in the Ig V region. However, a low number of SHM should not be expected in this population as SHMs would accumulate at each cell division in pre-established memory B-cells during specific recall or bystander activation. (B) DN B-cells may be naïve B-cells being triggered by polyclonal stimuli due to increased circulation of microbial products between body compartments due to damaged and inflamed tissue. In this scenario, CD27-IgD+ naïve B-cells would switch to CD27-IgD- B-cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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