Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2015:1257:121-43.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2193-5_4.

The principles of freeze-drying

Gerald D J Adams  1 , Isobel Cook, Kevin R Ward
Affiliations

The principles of freeze-drying

Gerald D J Adams et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2015.

Abstract

This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of freeze-drying (lyophilization) with particular relevance to stabilizing live cells or viruses for industrial applications as vaccines or seed culture. The chapter discusses the importance of formulation, cycle development, validation, and the need to satisfy pharmaceutical regulatory requirements necessary for the commercial exploitation of freeze-dried products.

PubMed Disclaimer

LinkOut - more resources