Effect of BMI on the clinical and radiological outcomes of pilon fractures

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of BMI on clinical and radiological outcomes of pilon fractures. We hypothesized that obese patients, defined as having a BMI of 30 or higher, would not have worse functional and radiological outcome compared to non-obese patients.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 42 patients (33 males and 9 females; mean age: 42.67±12.29 years, range: 18 to 67 years) who sustained tibial pilon fractures between January 2008 and May 2011. Each patient's postoperative course, including the incidence of postoperative complications, and the length of hospital stay was determined from medical charts. At the final follow-up, clinical assessment was made according to the AOFAS score and radiological evaluation was made according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification.

Results: Twenty-nine patients had low-energy trauma, while 13 had high-energy trauma. Mean BMI was 28.96±4.86 kg/m2. There were 18 obese patients and 24 non-obese patients. Mean AOFAS score at the final follow-up was 68.36±20.71. The average follow-up time was 30.0±11.48 months. Superficial infection in the obese group occurred at a statistically significantly higher rate (p<0.05). Operation and hospitalization times occurred at a significantly higher rate in the obese group (p=0.001 and p= 0.041, respectively).

Conclusion: Body mass index does not affect the clinical and radiological outcomes of tibial pilon fractures, with the exception of superficial infection. Obese patients could be treated as non-obese patients with close monitoring of the wound.