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Review
. 2015 Feb;24(2):227-33.
doi: 10.1007/s00586-014-3701-4. Epub 2014 Nov 28.

Idiopathic scoliosis and the vestibular system

Ammar H Hawasli  1 , Timothy E Hullar, Ian G Dorward
Affiliations
Review

Idiopathic scoliosis and the vestibular system

Ammar H Hawasli et al. Eur Spine J. 2015 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: Despite its high prevalence, the etiology underlying idiopathic scoliosis remains unclear. Although initial scrutiny has focused on genetic, biochemical, biomechanical, nutritional and congenital causes, there is growing evidence that aberrations in the vestibular system may play a role in the etiology of scoliosis. In this article, we discuss putative mechanisms for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and review the current evidence supporting a role for the vestibular system in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods: A comprehensive search of the English literature was performed using PubMed ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed ). Research articles studying interactions between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and the vestibular system were selected and evaluated for inclusion in a literature review.

Results: Eighteen manuscripts of level 3-4 clinical evidence to support an association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and dysfunction of the vestibular system were identified. These studies include data from physiologic and morphologic studies in humans. Clinical data are supported by animal model studies to suggest a causative link between the vestibular system and AIS.

Conclusions: Clinical data and a limited number of animal model studies suggest a causative role of the vestibular system in AIS, although this association has not been reproduced in all studies.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The labyrinth (right side). The structures shown form the membranous labyrinth, which is filled with endolymphatic fluid. The membranouus labyrinth sits inside the bony labyrinth, with the utricle and saccule together occupying the vestibule. The space between the membranous and bony labyrinth is filled with perilymphatic fluid. The semicircular canals sense rotations and the utricle and saccule sense linear accelerations. (Original illustration #933 in the Walters Collection of the Max Brödel Archives, Department of Art as Applied to Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland , USA) .
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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