Highly selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and Cu(2+) ions based on a fluorescent cadmium-pamoate metal-organic framework

Abstract

A luminescent cadmium-pamoate metal-organic framework, [Cd2 (PAM)2 (dpe)2 (H2 O)2 ]⋅0.5(dpe) (1), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by using π-electron-rich ligands 4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid) (H2 PAM) and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (dpe). Its structure is composed of both mononuclear and dinuclear Cd(II) building units, which are linked by the PAM and dpe ligands, resulting in a (4,8)-connected 3D framework. The π-conjugated dpe guests are located in a 1D channel of 1. The strong emission of 1 could be quenched efficiently by trace amounts of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), even in the presence of other competing analogues such as 4-nitrophenol, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, hydroquinone, dimethylbenzene, and bromobenzene. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the fluorescence response of 1 to TNP shows that this framework could be used as an excellent sensor for identifying and quantifying TNP. In the same manner, 1 also exhibits superior selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu(2+) compared with other metal ions such as Zn(2+) , Mn(2+) , Mg(2+) , K(+) , Na(+) , Ni(2+) , Co(2+) , and Ca(2+) . This is the first MOF that can serve as a dual functional fluorescent sensor for selectively detecting trace amounts of TNP and Cu(2+) .

Keywords: analytical methods; copper; fluorescent probes; metal-organic frameworks; sensors.