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Review
. 2014 Nov;40(4):581-604.
doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2014.07.002. Epub 2014 Sep 2.

Gout: a review of nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors

Lindsey A MacFarlane  1 , Seoyoung C Kim  2
Affiliations
Review

Gout: a review of nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors

Lindsey A MacFarlane et al. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2014 Nov.

Abstract

Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis triggered by the crystallization of uric acid within the joints. Gout affects millions worldwide and has an increasing prevalence. Recent research has been carried out to better qualify and quantify the risk factors predisposing individuals to gout. These can largely be broken into nonmodifiable risk factors, such as gender, age, race, and genetics, and modifiable risk factors, such as diet and lifestyle. Increasing knowledge of factors predisposing certain individuals to gout could potentially lead to improved preventive practices. This review summarizes the nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors associated with development of gout.

Keywords: Diet; Genetics; Gout; Race; Risk factors; Sex.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Visual representation of uric acid transport in the renal proximal tubule
URAT1 (SLC22A12) and GLUT9 (SLC2A9) function to reabsorb uric acid while ABCG2 acts to secrete uric acid. Adapted from Lipkowitz MS. Regulation of uric acid excretion by the kidney. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2012;14(2):179-88 and Reginato AM, Mount DB, Yang I, Choi HK. The genetics of hyperuricaemia and gout. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012;8(10):610-21; with permission.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Summary of the effects of diet on risk of gout
* Discrepancy surrounding effect
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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