Polycystic ovary syndrome: a review for dermatologists: Part I. Diagnosis and manifestations

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among women who are of reproductive age. The pathogenesis involves several associated hormonal pathways that culminate in metabolic, reproductive, and cardiovascular effects. The hallmark features of hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia have systemic long-term implications. Dermatologists frequently evaluate and manage the cutaneous manifestations of PCOS (ie, acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism, acne, and alopecia), and therefore play a key role in its diagnosis and management. In part I of this continuing medical education article, we review the definition, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of PCOS.

Keywords: acanthosis nigricans; acne; anovulation; hirsutism; hyperandrogenism; insulin resistance; polycystic ovary syndrome.