Congenital corneal anesthesia

Abstract

Purpose: To report the various clinical presentations of congenital corneal anesthesia.

Methods: The medical records of children diagnosed with congenital corneal anesthesia between January 2006 and June 2012 at the L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India, were retrospectively reviewed for demographics and clinical characteristics.

Results: A total of 40 patients (29 males) were included. Median age at presentation was 12 months (interquartile range, 6-60 months). Bilateral involvement was noted in 28 cases (70%). Generalized pain insensitivity with anhidrosis was documented in 10 cases (25%). The spectrum of corneal lesions included geographic epithelial defects (32 eyes), sterile ulcers (15 eyes), sterile ulcers with hypopyon (11 eyes), secondary bacterial keratitis (2 eyes), superficial/ deep corneal vascularisation (5 eyes). Generalized anesthesia with self-mutilating behavior was recognized in 10 cases. In all cases, sterile corneal ulcers resolved on average 30 days after permanent 2/3-width paramedian tarsorrhapy. One eye progressed to the stage of anterior staphyloma and subsequently underwent auto evisceration. Four eyes that underwent keratoplasty for visual rehabilitation had poor outcomes.

Conclusions: Accurate diagnosis, recognition of risk factors, and thorough neurological assessment is important for lessening long-term sequelae of congenital corneal anesthesia. Judicious use of tear substitutes and expedited tarsorrhaphy is crucial to restoration of useful vision in these children.