Closing perforations and postperforation management in endoscopy: esophagus and stomach

Abstract

Luminal perforation after endoscopy is a dreaded complication that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, longer and more costly hospitalization, and the specter of potential future litigation. The management of such perforations requires a multidisciplinary approach. Until recently, surgery was required. However, nowadays the endoscopist has a burgeoning armamentarium of devices and techniques that may obviate surgery. This article discusses the approach to endoscopic perforations in the esophagus and stomach.

Keywords: Endoscopic closure; Over-the-scope clip; Perforation; Stent; Through-the-scope clip.