The heterogeneity of heart failure: will enhanced phenotyping be necessary for future clinical trial success?

Affiliations

¹ Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Electronic address: franc354@umn.edu.
² Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Free article

Editorial

Gary S Francis et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014.

Free article

. 2014 Oct 28;64(17):1775-6.

doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.978. Epub 2014 Oct 21.

¹ Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Electronic address: franc354@umn.edu.
² Lillehei Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

No abstract available

Keywords: classification; cluster analysis; exercise; phenotype.

Comment in

Reply: applying cluster analysis to data of previously published chronic heart failure trials: systems biology and clinical phenotypes of heart failure syndrome.
Ahmad T, Felker GM. Ahmad T, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Mar 31;65(12):1270-1271. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.12.050. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015. PMID: 25814240 No abstract available.

Clinical implications of chronic heart failure phenotypes defined by cluster analysis.
Ahmad T, Pencina MJ, Schulte PJ, O'Brien E, Whellan DJ, Piña IL, Kitzman DW, Lee KL, O'Connor CM, Felker GM. Ahmad T, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Oct 28;64(17):1765-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.979. Epub 2014 Oct 21. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014. PMID: 25443696 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.