The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study—resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial

Affiliations

¹ Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia; Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA; Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA. Electronic address: maria.fiataronesingh@sydney.edu.au.
² Private Neuropsychology Practice, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.
³ Exercise Health and Performance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴ School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵ School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), NPI, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
⁶ Royal Prince Alfred and Balmain Hospital Balmain Hospital, Balmain, New South Wales, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁸ Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
⁹ Exercise Health and Performance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Catholic University, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁰ Clinical and Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.
¹¹ Department of Medicine and the Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
¹² Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.

PMID: 25444575
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

Randomized Controlled Trial

The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study—resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial

Maria A Fiatarone Singh et al. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014 Dec.

. 2014 Dec;15(12):873-80.

doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010. Epub 2014 Oct 23.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia; Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA; Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA. Electronic address: maria.fiataronesingh@sydney.edu.au.
² Private Neuropsychology Practice, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.
³ Exercise Health and Performance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴ School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁵ School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Center for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), NPI, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
⁶ Royal Prince Alfred and Balmain Hospital Balmain Hospital, Balmain, New South Wales, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁸ Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
⁹ Exercise Health and Performance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Catholic University, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁰ Clinical and Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia.
¹¹ Department of Medicine and the Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
¹² Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.

PMID: 25444575
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

Erratum in

Erratum.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2021 Feb;22(2):479-481. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.11.016. Epub 2020 Dec 14. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2021. PMID: 33333078 No abstract available.

Abstract

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available.

Methods: The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised interventions: active or sham physical training (high intensity progressive resistance training vs seated calisthenics) plus active or sham cognitive training (computerized, multidomain cognitive training vs watching videos/quizzes), 2-3 days/week for 6 months with 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were global cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ADAS-Cog) and functional independence (Bayer Activities of Daily Living). Secondary outcomes included executive function, memory, and speed/attention tests, and cognitive domain scores.

Results: One hundred adults with MCI [70.1 (6.7) years; 68% women] were enrolled and analyzed. Resistance training significantly improved the primary outcome ADAS-Cog; [relative effect size (95% confidence interval) -0.33 (-0.73, 0.06); P < .05] at 6 months and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Matrices; P = .016) across 18 months. Normal ADAS-Cog scores occurred in 48% (24/49) after resistance training vs 27% (14/51) without resistance training [P < .03; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.50 (1.18, 10.48)]. Cognitive training only attenuated decline in Memory Domain at 6 months (P < .02). Resistance training 18-month benefit was 74% higher (P = .02) for Executive Domain compared with combined training [z-score change = 0.42 (0.22, 0.63) resistance training vs 0.11 (-0.60, 0.28) combined] and 48% higher (P < .04) for Global Domain [z-score change = .0.45 (0.29, 0.61) resistance training vs 0.23 (0.10, 0.36) combined].

Conclusions: Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function, with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18 months.

Keywords: Mild cognitive impairment; cognitive training; resistance training.

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Comment in

Potential for a "Memory Gym" Intervention to Delay Conversion of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia.
O'Caoimh R, Sato S, Wall J, Igras E, Foley MJ, Timmons S, Molloy W. O'Caoimh R, et al. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015 Nov 1;16(11):998-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.01.081. Epub 2015 Feb 21. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015. PMID: 25717012 No abstract available.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor by O'Caoimh et al.
Fiatarone Singh MA, Gates N, Saigal N, Wilson GC, Meiklejohn J, Brodaty H, Wen W, Singh N, Baune BT, Suo C, Baker MK, Foroughi N, Wang Y, Sachdev PS, Valenzuela M. Fiatarone Singh MA, et al. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015 Nov 1;16(11):999-1001. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.08.021. Epub 2015 Sep 26. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015. PMID: 26420493 No abstract available.

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The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study—resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial

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The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study—resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial

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