Conserved function of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologues as signals for storage organ differentiation

Abstract

Due to their high carbohydrate content and relative low farming demands, tuber-bearing species are an important contribution to human dietary needs in many climatic zones, and interest in these staple crops for processed food and other industrial uses is increasing. Over the past years we have seen remarkable advances in our understanding of the signalling mechanisms involved in the differentiation of these organs, partly aided by their conservation with the well-characterized photoperiodic control of flowering in Arabidopsis. Recent studies have led to the identification of members of the FT gene family as major component of the tuber-inducing signal and the characterization of circadian and photoperiodic components involved in the regulation of these genes. A relevant role of microRNAs in the control of storage organ formation has been established, and hormonal balance requirements similar to those controlling shoot branching were shown to be implicated in the activation of stolon meristem cells. Hence, the recent finding that FT controls branching through direct interaction with the TCP factors holds great promise for the identification of genes acting as FT signal integrators in the stolon.