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Review
. 2014 Dec;35(12):519-30.
doi: 10.1542/pir.35-12-519.

Respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchiolitis

Giovanni Piedimonte  1 , Miriam K Perez  2
Affiliations
Review

Respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchiolitis

Giovanni Piedimonte et al. Pediatr Rev. 2014 Dec.

Erratum in

  • Correction.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] Pediatr Rev. 2015 Feb;36(2):85. doi: 10.1542/pir.36-2-85. Pediatr Rev. 2015. PMID: 25646315 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) classification. Human RSV is an enveloped, nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family, genus Pneumovirus. The closely related Metapneumovirus genus was considered an exclusively avian virus until the discovery of a human strain in 2001.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Etiology of acute respiratory infections in children. The World Health Organization estimates indicate that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) accounts worldwide for more than 60% of acute respiratory infections in children and more than 80% in infants younger than 1 year and at the peak of viral season. Therefore, RSV is by far the most frequent cause of pediatric bronchiolitis and pneumonia.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Chest radiography performed in a child with RSV bronchiolitis revealed bilateral hyperinflation from air trapping, patchy atelectasis from airway plugging, and peribronchial thickening from lymphomonocytic infiltration. Patients with severe disease may also have features more consistent with pneumonia, with areas of interstitial parenchymal infiltration.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Evidence-based management of bronchiolitis. Passive prophylaxis is a safe and effective way of protecting infants at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease but is not cost-efficient. Once the infection is established, the mainstay of current therapy remains supportive care because no solid scientific evidence supporting the use of any conventional or experimental pharmacologic agent currently exists. For the future, promising antiviral molecules and new-generation humanized monoclonal antibodies are being investigated, and structural biology may overcome the challenges that have so far prevented the development of a safe and effective RSV vaccine.
None
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References

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