Update on diabetes classification

Abstract

This article highlights the difficulties in creating a definitive classification of diabetes mellitus in the absence of a complete understanding of the pathogenesis of the major forms. This brief review shows the evolving nature of the classification of diabetes mellitus. No classification scheme is ideal, and all have some overlap and inconsistencies. The only diabetes in which it is possible to accurately diagnose by DNA sequencing, monogenic diabetes, remains undiagnosed in more than 90% of the individuals who have diabetes caused by one of the known gene mutations. The point of classification, or taxonomy, of disease, should be to give insight into both pathogenesis and treatment. It remains a source of frustration that all schemes of diabetes mellitus continue to fall short of this goal.

Keywords: Classification of diabetes mellitus; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young; Monogenic diabetes; Neonatal diabetes; Secondary diabetes; Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.