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. 2013 Feb;2(1):39-45.
doi: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.6397. Epub 2013 Feb 24.

Measuring Left Ventricular Volumes in Two-Dimensional Echocardiography Image Sequence Using Level-set Method for Automatic Detection of End-Diastole and End-systole Frames

Saeed Darvishi  1 , Hamid Behnam  2 , Majid Pouladian  3 , Niloufar Samiei  4
Affiliations

Measuring Left Ventricular Volumes in Two-Dimensional Echocardiography Image Sequence Using Level-set Method for Automatic Detection of End-Diastole and End-systole Frames

Saeed Darvishi et al. Res Cardiovasc Med. 2013 Feb.

Abstract

Background: Identifying End-Diastole (ED) and End-Systole (ES) frames is highly important in the process of evaluating cardiac function and measuring global parameters accurately, such as Ejection Fraction (EF), Cardiac Output (CO) and Stroke Volume.

Objectives: The current study aimed to develop a new method based on measuring volume changes in Left Ventricle (LV) during cardiac cycle.

Material and methods: For this purpose, the Level Set method was used both in detecting endocardium border and quantifying cardiac function of all frames.

Results: Demonstrating LV volumes displays ED and ES frames and the volumes used in calculating the required parameters.

Conclusions: Since ES and ED frames exist in iso-volumic phases of the cardiac cycle with minimum and maximum values of LV volume signals, such peaks can be utilized in finding related frames.

Keywords: Cardiac Output; Diastole; Echocardiography; Ejection Fraction; Segmentation; Systole.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. The entire two cardiac cycle diagram, which contains information on aortic, left ventricular and left atrial pressures, along with ventricular volume, heart sounds and the electrocardiogram. Three isovolumic intervals are emphasized by circles in the ventricular volume diagram. The color bar illustrates seven phases of the cardiac cycle (first phase: black, second: red, third: yellow, fourth: green, fifth: blue, sixth: magenta, seventh: cyan) (20)
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. End-diastolic (top row) and corresponding end-systolic frames (bottom row) which have been extracted by the expert for three random cases: (a) case 1, (b) case 2 and (c) case 3.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Level set formulation of front motion: the curve γ and the corresponding surface Φ(x,y,t) at different time t(36)
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Left ventricle volume changes for all frames in cardiac cycle of a random case.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. This picture shows the results of our proposed method for one cardiac cycle for a random case in the heart contraction and relaxation period
Figure 6.
Figure 6.. End-diastolic (top row) and corresponding end-systolic frames (bottom row) which have been extracted by the proposed method for three random cases: (a) case 1, (b) case 2 and (c) case 3.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.. Linear Regression Between Estimated and Ground Truth EF, ESV, EDV for all Examined Cases
Figure 8.
Figure 8.. Bland-Altman plot to show the agreements Between Estimated and Ground Truth EF, ESV, EDV for all Examined Cases
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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