Modeling acute traumatic injury
- PMID: 25481528
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.10.025
Modeling acute traumatic injury
Abstract
Acute traumatic injury is a complex disease that has remained a leading cause of death, which affects all ages in our society. Direct mechanical insult to tissues may result in physiological and immunologic disturbances brought about by blood loss, coagulopathy, as well as ischemia and reperfusion insults. This inappropriate response leads to an abnormal release of endogenous mediators of inflammation that synergistically contribute to the incidence of morbidity and mortality. This aberrant activation and suppression of the immune system follows a bimodal pattern, wherein activation of the innate immune responses is followed by an anti-inflammatory response with suppression of the adaptive immunity, which can subsequently lead secondary insults and multiple organ dysfunction. Traumatic injury rodent and swine models have been used to describe many of the underlying pathologic mechanisms, which have led to an improved understanding of the morbidity and mortality associated with critically ill trauma patients. The enigmatic immunopathology of the human immunologic response after severe trauma, however, has never more been apparent and there grows a need for a clinically relevant animal model, which mimics this immune physiology to enhance the care of the most severely injured. This has necessitated preclinical studies in a more closely related model system, the nonhuman primate. In this review article, we summarize animal models of trauma that have provided insight into the clinical response and understanding of cellular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of ischemia-reperfusion injury as well as describe future treatment options using immunomodulation-based strategies.
Keywords: Acute traumatic injury; Animal models; Hemorrhagic shock; Polytrauma; Resuscitation.
Published by Elsevier Inc.
Similar articles
-
The role of toll-like receptor-4 in the development of multi-organ failure following traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.Injury. 2012 Feb;43(2):129-36. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.05.032. Injury. 2012. PMID: 21689818 Review.
-
Animal models for trauma research: what are the options?Shock. 2009 Jan;31(1):3-10. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e31817fdabf. Shock. 2009. PMID: 18636048 Review.
-
Acute coagulopathy in pediatric trauma.Curr Opin Pediatr. 2014 Jun;26(3):343-9. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000086. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2014. PMID: 24732564 Review.
-
Neutrophil priming and activation in the pathogenesis of postinjury multiple organ failure.New Horiz. 1996 May;4(2):194-210. New Horiz. 1996. PMID: 8774796
-
Immunologic responses to critical injury and sepsis.J Intensive Care Med. 2006 May-Jun;21(3):160-72. doi: 10.1177/0885066605284330. J Intensive Care Med. 2006. PMID: 16672638 Review.
Cited by
-
Immunopathology of terminal complement activation and complement C5 blockade creating a pro-survival and organ-protective phenotype in trauma.Br J Pharmacol. 2023 Feb;180(4):422-440. doi: 10.1111/bph.15970. Epub 2022 Nov 15. Br J Pharmacol. 2023. PMID: 36251578 Free PMC article.
-
Tranexamic acid decreases rodent hemorrhagic shock-induced inflammation with mixed end-organ effects.PLoS One. 2018 Nov 29;13(11):e0208249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208249. eCollection 2018. PLoS One. 2018. PMID: 30496326 Free PMC article.
-
All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others: Plasma lactate and succinate in hemorrhagic shock-A comparison in rodents, swine, nonhuman primates, and injured patients.J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018 Mar;84(3):537-541. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001721. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018. PMID: 29112093 Free PMC article.
-
Inflammogenesis of Secondary Spinal Cord Injury.Front Cell Neurosci. 2016 Apr 13;10:98. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00098. eCollection 2016. Front Cell Neurosci. 2016. PMID: 27147970 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Modulation of the Inflammatory Response and Bone Healing.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Jun 11;11:386. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00386. eCollection 2020. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020. PMID: 32655495 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical