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. 2014 Dec 1;1(4):280-284.
doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12100.

The New Classification System for the Dystonias: Why Was it Needed and How was it Developed?

H A Jinnah  1 , Alberto Albanese  2
Affiliations

The New Classification System for the Dystonias: Why Was it Needed and How was it Developed?

H A Jinnah et al. Mov Disord Clin Pract. .
No abstract available

Keywords: Torticollis; blepharospasm; spasmodic dysphonia.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Axis I guides on the recognition of the phenomenology of dystonia and of the prevalent syndromic pattern.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Klein C, Fahn S. Translation of Oppenheim's 1911 paper on dystonia. Mov Disord 2013;28:851–862. - PubMed
    1. Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord 2013;28:863–873. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fahn S. The varied clinical expressions of dystonia. Neurol Clin 1984;2:541–554. - PubMed
    1. Marsden CD. Dystonia: the spectrum of the disease In: Yahr MD, ed. The Basal Ganglia. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1976:351–367. - PubMed
    1. Thompson VB, Jinnah HA, Hess EJ. Convergent mechanisms in etiologically‐diverse dystonias. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011;15:1387–1403. - PMC - PubMed