Selected nutrients and their implications for health and disease across the lifespan: a roadmap

Abstract

Worldwide approximately two billion people have a diet insufficient in micronutrients. Even in the developed world, an increasing number of people consume nutrient-poor food on a regular basis. Recent surveys in Western countries consistently indicate inadequate intake of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, compared to recommendations. The International Osteoporosis Foundation's (IOF) latest figures show that globally about 88% of the population does not have an optimal vitamin D status. The Lancet's "Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" demonstrates a continued growth in life expectancy for populations around the world; however, the last decade of life is often disabled by the burden of partly preventable health issues. Compelling evidence suggests that improving nutrition protects health, prevents disability, boosts economic productivity and saves lives. Investments to improve nutrition make a positive contribution to long-term national and global health, economic productivity and stability, and societal resilience.

Figure 1

Irish Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (IrSPEN) adopted a highly focused strategy, drawing on ‘best practice’ examples, adapting and localizing key initiatives, and developing collaborations and partnerships to extend its sphere of influence.

Figure 2

Grain Fortification Legislation—Countries in blue require fortification of wheat flour, maize flour, and/or rice (November 2013. Source: Flour Fortification Initiative).

Figure 3

Suggested strategic steps to reduce the burden of hidden hunger in developed countries