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Review
. 2014 Dec 24;16(1):193-217.
doi: 10.3390/ijms16010193.

Oxidative stress and its significant roles in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer

Raynoo Thanan  1 , Shinji Oikawa  2 , Yusuke Hiraku  3 , Shiho Ohnishi  4 , Ning Ma  5 , Somchai Pinlaor  6 , Puangrat Yongvanit  1 , Shosuke Kawanishi  7 , Mariko Murata  8
Affiliations
Review

Oxidative stress and its significant roles in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer

Raynoo Thanan et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in diverse pathophysiological conditions, including inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative damage to biomolecules including lipids, proteins and DNA, contributes to these diseases. Previous studies suggest roles of lipid peroxidation and oxysterols in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and inflammation-related cancer. Our recent studies identifying and characterizing carbonylated proteins reveal oxidative damage to heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative disease models and inflammation-related cancer, suggesting dysfunction in their antioxidative properties. In neurodegenerative diseases, DNA damage may not only play a role in the induction of apoptosis, but also may inhibit cellular division via telomere shortening. Immunohistochemical analyses showed co-localization of oxidative/nitrative DNA lesions and stemness markers in the cells of inflammation-related cancers. Here, we review oxidative stress and its significant roles in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) and their sources from endogenous and environmental factors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Oxidative damage to biomolecules.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Kaplan-Meier analyses of 32 liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma patients between high and low DNA damage formations in their tumor tissues. The levels of DNA damage were assessed by the double immunofluorescence method [107]. High formation of 8-oxodG and 8-nitroguanine was scored for high DNA damage accumulation in cholangiocarcinoma tissues (n = 20) and slight formation of DNA lesions was scored for low DNA damage accumulation in the tumor tissues (n = 10). Difference of survival was statistically analyzed by the log-rank test (p = 0.003, low vs. high DNA damage).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Double-immunofluorescence staining of stem/progenitor cell markers (CD133, Oct3/4, OV6 and CD44) and DNA lesions (8-oxodG and 8-nitroguanine (8-NG)) in cholangiocarcinoma tissues. White arrows indicate co-localization of DNA damage marker and stemness marker in cancer cells. Original magnification is ×400; Scale bar = 25 μm.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Roles of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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