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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2014 Dec 28;18(3):pyu104.
doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu104.

Cannabinoid modulation of amygdala subregion functional connectivity to social signals of threat

Stephanie M Gorka  1 , Daniel A Fitzgerald  1 , Harriet de Wit  1 , K Luan Phan  2
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Cannabinoid modulation of amygdala subregion functional connectivity to social signals of threat

Stephanie M Gorka et al. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. .

Abstract

Background: Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol has been shown to modulate anxiety and facilitate the extinction of fear by inhibiting amygdala reactivity. Since functional coupling between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex is implicated in affective processes, it is possible that Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol affects amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity in ways that differ across amygdala subregions: basolateral, centromedial, and superficial.

Methods: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol on functional connectivity between amygdala subregions and the prefrontal cortex during socio-emotional threat in healthy adults using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design. Sixteen subjects completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging task designed to probe amygdala responses to social threat. Amygdala subregion-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity was compared between Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and placebo using generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses.

Results: Findings indicated that Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol enhanced basolateral and superficial amygdala connectivity to the rostral anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex.

Conclusion: These effects, including Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol's potential ability to reduce threat perception or enhance socio-emotional regulation, may help understand the neurocircuitry of affect.

Keywords: cannabis; functional connectivity; social threat; Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
(A) The anatomical left basolateral amygdala (AMYG-BL) seed and a voxel-wise statistical t map on a canonical brain showing enhanced left AMYG-BL – rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC)/medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) functional connectivity during Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) compared with placebo (PBO). Line graph illustrating extracted AMYG-BL-rACC/mPFC connectivity parameter estimates during the THC and PBO conditions. (B) The anatomical left superficial amygdala (AMYG-SF) seed and a voxel-wise statistical t-map on a canonical brain showing enhanced left AMYG-SF – rACC/mPFC functional connectivity during THC compared with PBO; Line graph illustrating extracted AMYG-SF-rACC/mPFC connectivity parameter estimates during the THC and PBO conditions; LBL,left basolateral subregion; LSF,left superficial subregion.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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