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. 2014 Dec 31;4(12):e006395.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006395.

Representations of the health value of vitamin D supplementation in newspapers: media content analysis

Timothy Caulfield  1 , Marianne I Clark  1 , James P McCormack  2 , Christen Rachul  3 , Catherine J Field  4
Affiliations

Representations of the health value of vitamin D supplementation in newspapers: media content analysis

Timothy Caulfield et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objective: To examine the nature of media coverage of vitamin D in relation to its role in health and the need for supplements.

Design: Media content analysis.

Setting: Print articles from elite newspapers in the UK, the USA and Canada.

Participants: 294 print newspaper articles appearing over 5 years (2009-2014).

Results: Newspaper coverage of vitamin D generally supported supplementation. The most common framing of vitamin D in print articles was "adequate vitamin D is necessary for good health." Articles also framed vitamin D as difficult to obtain from food supply and framed vitamin D deficiency as a widespread concern. In discussions of supplementation, 80% articles suggested supplementation is or may be necessary for the general population, yet almost none of the articles discussed the potential harms of vitamin D supplementation in any detail. Print articles named 40 different health conditions in relationship to vitamin D. The most commonly cited conditions included bone health, cancer and cardiovascular health. Although print articles referred to a wide range of scholarly research on vitamin D with varying degrees of endorsement for supplementation, a general tone of support for vitamin D supplementation in media coverage persisted.

Conclusions: Newspaper articles conveyed overall support for vitamin D supplementation. News articles linked vitamin D to a wide range of health conditions for which there is no conclusive scientific evidence. Media coverage downplayed the limitations of existing science and overlooked any potential risks associated with supplementation.

Keywords: MEDICAL JOURNALISM; NUTRITION & DIETETICS; PUBLIC HEALTH.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Most frequently named health conditions discussed in relationship to vitamin D in newspapers over 5 years.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage of articles that utilised one or both of the frames ‘supplementation may be beneficial’ and/or ‘supplementation is necessary’ by year.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentage of articles citing research about vitamin D that interpreted research as endorsement of supplementation by year.
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