Therapeutic potency of saponin rich aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis L. in alloxan induced diabetes in rats

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. This leads to alter the multiple organ system.

Aims: To investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the saponin rich aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis (SRE-SD) using alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rat model.

Material and methods: The single dose of alloxan was injected for the induction of diabetes in rats. The SRE-SD and glibenclamide were administered for 15 consecutive days from the 3(rd) day of alloxan administration. Quantity of food and water intake was measured at day 0, and 18. Further, body weight was recorded and blood samples were collected at different time intervals that is, day 0, 3, 8, 13, and 18. The oxidative biomarkers (i.e. thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitrite (NO(2-)) levels were also estimated in the serum sample.

Results: The SRE-SD showed a remarkable dose and time-dependent changes in alloxan-induced rise in the level of food consumption and water intake, serum glucose level, TBARS, NO(2-) and fall in the level of GSH. Further, significant attenuation was observed at 20 and 30 mg/kg of SRE-SD treated group.

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that SRE-SD has both antidiabetic and antioxidant effects on the experimental model of diabetes in rat.

Keywords: Alloxan; Scoparia dulcis; diabetes mellitus; oxidative stress; saponin.

Figure 1

The study design of alloxan induced diabetes mellitus. Glibenclamide has been used as a reference drug. Saponin rich aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis (20 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) and glibenclamide (1.25 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered once a day for 18 days and blood samples were collected at different time intervals (i.e., day 0, 2, 3, 8, 14 and day 20)

Figure 2

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram of saponin rich aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis (SRE-SD) and standard compounds HPLC peak in a and b indicates saponin contents of SRE-SD and reference samples, that is, ursolic acid respectively (real time value is 19.93). The peaks in HPLC chromatogram represent saponin concentrations which were expressed as ursolic acid equivalent

Figure 3

Effect of saponin rich aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis on alloxan-induced serum glucose levels F (6, 41) = 4331.053; P < 0.001. Digits in parentheses indicate dose in mg/kg. (*P < 0.05 vs. normal control group, †P <0.05 vs. alloxan control group)