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Review
. 2015 May;180(2):165-77.
doi: 10.1111/cei.12578.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors and susceptibility to infectious diseases

C Skevaki  1 , M Pararas, K Kostelidou, A Tsakris, J G Routsias
Affiliations
Review

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors and susceptibility to infectious diseases

C Skevaki et al. Clin Exp Immunol. 2015 May.

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-studied family of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), whose task is to rapidly recognize evolutionarily conserved structures on the invading microorganisms. Through binding to these patterns, TLRs trigger a number of proinflammatory and anti-microbial responses, playing a key role in the first line of defence against the pathogens also promoting adaptive immunity responses. Growing amounts of data suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the various human TLR proteins are associated with altered susceptibility to infection. This review summarizes the role of TLRs in innate immunity, their ligands and signalling and focuses on the TLR SNPs which have been linked to infectious disease susceptibility.

Keywords: SNPs; TLR proteins; infection; innate immunity.

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Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins. GeneBank Accession numbers, chromosomal locations, number of amino acids and molecular weight for each of the TLR proteins are provided. The pictures above the TLRs depict their main known ligands.
Fig 2
Fig 2
Three-dimensional structure of Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins. Block arrows show the main ligand for each TLR protein (single protein, homo- or heterodimer of two TLR proteins) as positioned on the protein. Dashed arrows show the positions of amino acids which change as a result of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The cell membrane and the intracellular domain is also depicted in the TLR-1/TLR-6 heterodimer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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